Lestari, Dewi Indah (2023) Ethylene oxide (EtO). Other. Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Tarumanagara, Jakarta. (Unpublished)
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2023 dr. Dewi Indah - Ethylene oxide (EtO).pdf Download (340kB) |
Abstract
One of the chemical agents which being used in industrialization. The major use of the ethylene oxide (its derivate product) is the production of solvents, antifreeze, textiles, detergents, adhesives, polyurethane foam, and pharmaceuticals. Smaller amounts are present in fumigants, sterilants for spices and cosmetics, as well as during hospital sterilization of medical equipment.1 EtO was first prepared in 1859 by Wurtz using potassium hydroxide solution to eliminate hydrochloric acid from ethylene chlorohydrin. The chlorohydrin process developed from Wurtz’s discovery and industrial production of EtO began in 1914. The direct catalytic oxidation of ethylene, discovered in 1931 by Lefort, has gradually superseded the chlorohydrin process. Currently, Ethylene oxide is produced by direct oxidation of ethylene with air or oxygen. Virtually all Ethylene oxide produced is further reacted to derivative products. Its most important derivative is ethylene glycol, which is used for the manufacture of polyester and in automotive antifreeze. Other Ethylene oxide derivatives include surfactants, solvents, amines and poly(ethylene) glycols. EtO also has several direct uses, including use as a sterilant and the treatment of spices and other foodstuffs. United States production of Ethylene oxide in 2004 was 8,315 million (8.3 billion) pounds, according to National Petrochemical & Refiners Association’s (NPRA) Petrochemical Surveys 4 Quarter 2003, highlighting its role as an important industrial chemical.2 Ethylene oxide is a colorless, odorless gas but can smelled like sweet etheric odor, which is both flammable and highly reactive. Most importantly, It can’t smelled until reaches levels that can cause serious harm to human health (NIOSH, 1989).3 EtO is irritating to the respiratory tract, skin, and eyes. Inhalation is the most common route of EtO exposure and high concentrations may cause coughing, dizziness, drowsiness, headache, nausea, sore throat, and vomiting. Repeated or prolonged contact may cause skin sensitization. Eye contact may cause redness, pain, or blurred vision. EtO is a human carcinogen.4 So we must make sure whether the level of ethylene oxide in the workers’ body beyond the limit level or not. the level of ethylene oxide in human body can be measured by biological monitoring. Problem statement Ethylene oxide will risk to human health but there is some ways to measure EtO in human body. Objective The objective of these paper are : To provide general information about ethylene oxide.
| Item Type: | Monograph (Other) |
|---|---|
| Subjects: | Lainnya |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Kedokteran > Kedokteran |
| Depositing User: | FK Perpus |
| Date Deposited: | 19 Jan 2024 08:55 |
| Last Modified: | 19 Jan 2024 08:55 |
| URI: | http://repository.untar.ac.id/id/eprint/41936 |
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