Benzene

Lestari, Dewi Indah (2026) Benzene. Other. Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Tarumanagara, Jakarta.

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Abstract

This literature review discusses benzene exposure as an occupational hazard in formal industries, particularly in the oil and gas sector, and its broader impact on public health. Benzene is a byproduct of crude oil, natural gas, and petroleum refining, and is also present in gasoline and vehicle emissions.
Occupational exposure occurs in petrochemical production, oil refining, rubber manufacturing, and printing industries, where workers may inhale or absorb benzene through the skin. Additionally, individuals in urban traffic‑dense environments, such as motorcycle drivers, are at risk of ambient benzene exposure due to close proximity to exhaust emissions.
Clinically, benzene is recognized as a carcinogen and a hematopoietic toxicant. Recent studies highlight its role in cardiovascular damage, mediated by oxidative stress, inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and increased risk of atherosclerosis and thrombotic events. Benzene metabolites generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), impair vascular function, and contribute to hypertension, stroke, and myocardial infarction.
Preventive strategies emphasize biomonitoring, including urinary biomarkers such as trans‑trans muconic acid (t,t‑MA), which reflect cumulative exposure. Emerging evidence suggests the potential use of circulating angiogenic cells (CACs) as biomarkers of cardiovascular toxicity, though further research is needed to validate their role in protecting workers and populations at risk.

Item Type:	Monograph (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Benzene, Occupational exposure, Air pollution, Cardiovascular toxicity, Biomonitoring, Circulating angiogenic cells (CACs), trans‑trans muconic acid (t,t‑MA)
Subjects:	Lainnya
Divisions:	Fakultas Kedokteran > Kedokteran
Depositing User:	FK Perpus
Date Deposited:	24 Sep 2026 03:37
Last Modified:	24 Sep 2026 03:37
URI:	https://repository.untar.ac.id/id/eprint/50737

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